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| Effects of different soil and water conservation measures on soil and water loss from rocky desertification area |
| BAI Yong1,2, DU Jing1, YANG Tingting1,2, WANG Zhengxuan2,3, QIU Jinliang2, LI Jing2 |
1. College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Urban and Rural Water Security and Water Saving and Emission Reduction of Yunnan Province, 650201, Kunming, China;
3. College of Water Conservancy, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China |
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Abstract [Background] Karst rocky desertification is a process of land degradation involving serious soil erosion, extensive exposure of basement rocks, drastic decrease in soil productivity, and the appearance of a desert-like landscape. The process is expanding rapidly, and it is daily reducing the living space of residents and is the root of disasters and poverty in the Karst areas of southwestern China. Although some profitable experience has been conducted, scientific evaluations and effective remedial actions have not been carried out.[Methods] These experiments were conducted in Guanmaidi small watershed of Zhanyi County, Yunnan Province, where rocky desertification was severely suffered. We compared the difference of runoff and sediment yield characteristics after taking different measures in 5 runoff plots under different vegetation arrangements (soil and water conservation forest, economic fruit forest, slope farmland(Pennisetum sp.), terracing farmland, and wild grassland).[Results] 1) Under the condition of the same rainfall, soil and water conservation measures played a key role in reducing soil erosion. The flow of rain at slope farmland was the most while soil and water conservation forest was the least. Under different soil and water conservation measures, the descending order of soil erosion was as wild grass land, slope farmland (Pennisetum sp.), terracing farmland, economic fruit forest, and soil and water conservation forest. The amount of soil erosion in the total erosion amount were 65.00%, 56.13%, 52.43%, 50.35% and 46.03%, respectively. 2) The measures of soil and water conservation improved the soil environment to a better condition. In soil and water conservation forest, economic fruit forest, terracing farmland, and slope farmland, soil bulk density decreased while soil porosity increased and soil structure was improved. 3) The measures of soil and water conservation also improved the nutrient content of rocky desertified soil. The effect of slope tillage measure on improving soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus content was the highest, then the second for soil and water conservation forest and economic fruit forest, and the lowest for wild grassland. Specifically, the content of soil total nitrogen of slope farmland, economic fruit forest, soil and water conservation forest, terracing farmland increased by 90.63%, 74.48%, 26.56%, 22.4%, and the soil total phosphorus of them increased by 123.64%, 96.36%, 67.27%, 16.64% compared with wild grassland.[Conclusions] In our data, soil and water conservation forest acts the best role in combating rocky desertification in this area, and then followings are economic fruit forest, slope farmland, terracing farmland. Our result provided a case study on combating rocky desertification in Southwest China, and helped to explore and improve the management of soil and water conservation in Karst area. Further study should be considered to combine soil and water conservation measures with industrial crops, such as using fruit tree forests or timber forests to combat rocky desertification in this area. Moreover, quantitative analysis of the pattern, process and evolutional mechanism of Karst rocky desertification will be the trend.
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Received: 16 January 2017
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