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| Analysis of the ecological effects of soil and water conservation based on emergy theory:A case study of Changzhi City of Shanxi Province |
| ZHU Jijie1,2, RAO Liangyi1,2 |
1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China;
2. Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China |
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Abstract [Background] At present, the methods of ecological effects of soil and water conservation are usually dispersed in the evaluation of the ecological system and economic system. Since two methods of evaluation and measurement are different, it is difficult to compare them. Thus it is very necessary to evaluate the ecological effects of soil and water conservation by unifying measurement units. Emergy theory is based on the solar energy, which combines the ecological system and economic system, and unifies the unit of measurement. In this way, that can overcome the difficulties from the separation of ecological and economic systems. So far, the application of emergy theory in the evaluation of eco-economic effects of soil and water conservation has not been reported. [Methods] Based on the theory of emergy analysis and statistical yearbooks as well as other related information of Changzhi City from 2004 to 2014, we analyzed the emergy indexes of input and output of the soil and water losses control eco-economic system in Changzhi City. By analyzing and calculating, the different materials and energy were converted into the same standard emergy. Then the analysis tables of input and output of soil and water losses control eco-economic system as well as the emergy analysis index system in Changzhi City were established for analyzing and comparing the input-output emergy values. They were used for the assessment of soil and water conservation ecological effects in Changzhi and providing theory basis for the further soil and water losses control. [Results] The results showed that the emergy input of the water loss and soil erosion control eco-economic system was large and the overall trend was increasing. The lowest value was 3.91×1021sej in 2008, the highest value was 4.33×1021 sej in 2011. Emergy input of the water loss and soil erosion control eco-economic system in Changzhi City was overall increasing, and the local time period declined. The lowest input value was 5.95×1021 sej in 2010, and the highest value was 7.62×1021sej in 2014. The total emergy of stockbreeding and vegetable production in agriculture overall increased, indicating that soil and water conservation measures have achieved some success. When the structure of the total emergy output was healthy, the net emergy output ratio both were greater than 1 and sustainable development index was in a reasonable range, indicating that the soil and water conservation measures in Changzhi City were rational and sustainable. [Conculsions] Generally speaking, the comprehensive level of the water loss and soil erosion control eco-economic system in Changzhi City is getting better and the sustainable development eco-economic system showed that the project's ecological and economic purpose was basically fulfilled. In order to maximize the ecological effect of soil and water conservation in Changzhi City, we should clear the direction of governance and zoning, deepen the reform of land, speed up the scale and intensive production, and strengthen the supervision and enforcement of soil and water conservation.
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Received: 20 January 2017
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