Data compilation is the basic work for soil and water conservation monitoring. According to the sources and properties, soil and water conservation monitoring data can be divided into four categories as follows: basic information, observation data, survey data and derived data. Ground-based observation of soil and water conservation in water erosion area mainly includes runoff plots and small watershed control station observation. According to the monitoring content and object, the data compilation can generally be divided into three major categories as follows: impact factor data, runoff data and sediment data. The contents and methods of data compilation are different and so do their emphases. Recently, we should institute the technical standards and systems of monitoring data compilation immediately, and standardize management. We should also strengthen the technical training and records management so as to improve the information technology and modernization of soil and water conservation monitoring data compilation.