辽河口湿地翅碱蓬群落及其交错区土壤盐分特征

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2019.01.016

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摘要滨海湿地植被类型及分布受土壤盐分影响显著，但其作用效果及机制尚不明确。以辽宁辽河口湿地盐生植物翅碱蓬为研究对象，对其分布的湿地区域分层采集土壤样品并测定盐基离子含量，利用相关分析和主成分分析方法研究不同植被类型区土壤盐分特征。结果表明：翅碱蓬群落及其交错区盐基离子阳离子主要为Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺，阴离子主要有Cl^-、SO₄^2-和HCO₃^-，各层土壤盐分阴离子均以Cl^-为主，在0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm的土壤盐基离子中分别占18.55%、17.3%和23.95%，阳离子均以Na⁺离子为主，从上到下3层土壤中分别占43.2%、42.2%和35.8%。相关性分析结果表明：土壤总盐分和HCO₃^-，与其他盐基离子为正相关，与总盐分相关性最强的阴离子为Cl^-，相关系数为0.966，相关性最强的阳离子为Ca²⁺和Na⁺，相关系数达到了0.956和0.912。土壤pH值与HCO₃^-离子为不显著正相关，与其他盐基离子为负相关，翅碱蓬与芦苇交错区和纯翅碱蓬生长区的pH值要更高于裸滩与翅碱蓬交错区，并且随着土层的深入，pH值普遍上升。主成分分析结果表明：在辽河口湿地翅碱蓬分布及其交错区0~30 cm深度的土壤中，Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Cl^-和SO₄^2-4种离子占全部盐基离子的85%以上。分析计算得到的翅碱蓬分布及其交错区盐分离子指标综合得分模型可以快速计算出土样点的综合得分从而较准确地对翅碱蓬分布区域的土壤盐度进行评价，通过所得数据可以得到翅碱蓬在辽河口湿地的适生环境为9.54~18.46 cmol/kg。该研究成果可为深入认识辽河口湿地翅碱蓬群落及其交错区的土壤盐分特征提供参考。

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	杨楚烨
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	李海福

关键词 ：辽河口湿地, 翅碱蓬, 盐基离子, 主成分分析

Abstract：[Background] The floristic and plant distribution of coastal wetland are significantly affected by soil salinity, Suaeda heteroptera, as a typical plant in the Liaohe estuary wetlands of Liaoning province, forms a unique landscape of red beach, which attracts tourists from inland and abroad. However, the area of S. heteroptera in Liaohe estuary wetland is decreasing year by year since 2015. Thus it is very urgent for us to protect the S. heteroptera with analyzing the main factors of soil salinization and estimating the salinity growth threshold of S. heteroptera in Liaohe estuary wetland.[Methods] In April 2018, we selected a sample plot in Liaohe estuary wetland with S. heteroptera distribution, we chose 3 types of area, junction area of bare beach and S. heteroptera, pure S. heteroptera growing area, and junction area of S. heteroptera and Phragmites australis. Soil samples at depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm were collected according to the "three-point sampling method". Soil base ion index, Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-、HCO₃^- and pH,was measured by experiment. All data were analyzed by SPSS and Excel for statistical analysis.[Results] The cations in distribution areas of S. heteroptera were mainly Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, while the anions were mainly Cl^-, SO₄^2- and HCO₃^-. The soil salinity anions in each layer were mainly Cl^-, accounting for 18.55%, 17.3% and 23.95% of soil base ions at 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm, respectively. Cations were mainly Na⁺, accounting for 43.2%, 42.2% and 35.8% of 3 soil layers from top to bottom. Correlation analysis results demonstrated that the soil total salt content and HCO₃^-, was positively associated with other base ions, the anion in the strongest correlation with total salt was Cl^-, and the correlation coefficient was 0.966; the cations in the strongest correlation were Ca²⁺ and Na⁺, and the correlation coefficient was 0.956 and 0.912, respectively, The correlation between soil pH and HCO₃^- was insignificantly positive, but negative correlation with other base ions. The pH value at the junction of reed and S. heteroptera area and pure S. heteroptera area were higher than that at the junction area of bare beach and S. heteroptera, and the pH value generally increased with the deepening of soil layer. The results of principal component analysis showed that the 4 ions of Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl^- and SO₄^2- accounted for more than 85% of all base ions in the soil at a depth of 0-30 cm within the region, which were the main ion types affecting soil salinity. The HCO₃^- presented a certain effect on soil alkalinity.[Conclusions] The thresholds of soil salt content in 0-30 cm ranged in 9.54-18.46 cmol/kg in the pure S. heteroptera growing area and its 2 junction areas of Liaohe estuary wetland. The results of principal component analysis provide theoretical basis for comprehensive analysis and evaluation of soil salt spatial distribution in S. heteroptera community and its interlaced areas.

Key words： Liaohe estuary wetland Suaeda heteroptera base ion principal component analysis

收稿日期: 2018-01-05

PACS:

S157

基金资助:国家自然科学基金"辽河口翅碱蓬湿地退化及恢复机制研究"（31670711）；国家自然科学基金"双台河口湿地生态系统稳定与预警研究"（31670711）

通讯作者: 王立(1963-),男,博士,副教授。主要研究方向:水土保持与荒漠化防治。E-mail:wangli1963@tom.com E-mail: wangli1963@tom.com

作者简介: 杨楚烨(1994-),男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:湿地生态修复。E-mail:yangchuye@qq.com

引用本文:

杨楚烨¹, 王立¹, 苏芳莉², 李海福². 辽河口湿地翅碱蓬群落及其交错区土壤盐分特征[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2019, 17(1): 117-123.
YANG Chuye, WANG Li, SU Fangli, LI Haifu. Characteristics of soil salinity in the distribution area of Suaeda heteroptera in Liaohe estuary wetlands. SSWC, 2019, 17(1): 117-123.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2019.01.016 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2019/V17/I1/117

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