Regular survey and announcement of soil erosion situation are of great significance to understand the result of soil and water loss control, to evaluate the efficiency of soil and water loss control and to make soil and water conservation planning and national economic development plans. In order to explore the results of application of the soil erosion model at county scale, we take the comprehensive methods that combine CSLE model, sample survey, remote sensing interpretation and statistical analysis to monitor and evaluate quantitatively the situation of land use, ecological environment and soil and water loss in a typical county (Yishui County) of Yimeng mountainous area in the national key control area of northern rocky mountain soil, and analyze the dynamic change of the soil and water loss by using transfer matrix analysis of data during 2009—2013. The results show that, CSLE model considers more factors affecting soil erosion such as rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length and soil conservation practices in addition to slope, vegetation cover and land use than departmental standards of the Ministry of Water Resources, and calculates the soil erosion modulus and intensity more accurately. More information on land use, vegetation cover, soil conservation practices and soil properties at single point scale can be obtained through sampling survey than by remote sensing method. The topographic and geomorphic conditions, land use, vegetation cover and area, intensity and distribution of soil and water loss can be quantitatively evaluated based on high resolution remote sensing images. And the generated distribution map of soil and water loss from high resolution remote sensing images can make up for the deficiency of no distribution maps in the fourth national soil erosion survey with remote sensing technology, and provide basic maps for further divisions of the key prevention area and the key control area of soil and water conservation and planning. The monitoring results can provide basic data and decision support for ecological rehabilitation in the national key soil and water loss control areas.