高寒沙地不同植被修复措施下土壤水分对降雨响应机制

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2022114

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摘要为探究高寒沙地不同植被修复措施下土壤水分对降雨响应机制,更好地发挥其水土保持作用,以青海共和盆地设置3 a的高立式网笼沙障、麦草方格沙障+花棒、麦草方格沙障+柠条、麦草方格沙障+沙蒿和麦草方格沙障+菊芋种植为研究对象。利用2900ET气象站和ECH₂O,分别对研究区降雨量和各沙障类型下0~140 cm(10、20、40、60、80、100、120和140 cm)土壤含水量进行连续自动监测,选取3种不同等级降雨事件进行研究,分析其土壤水分响应情况和0~60 cm土壤水分补给特征。结果表明:1)2020年8月—2021年8月,研究区降雨主要集中在4—9月,以低频率小雨为主,<2 mm降雨事件占总降雨事件最高(38.98%),贡献率最小(6.12%),各沙障类型按月土壤总蓄水量变化划为缓慢积累期(1—4月)、消耗期(5—6月)、积累期(7—9月)和稳定期(10—12月)且均在8月达到峰值,其中高立式沙障土壤蓄水量最高(4万7 563.54 mm),菊芋沙障最低(2万5 564.09 mm),其各土层土壤蓄水量的增加量随着土壤深度增加呈现出"减小—增大—减小—增大"变化。2)降雨量＜5 mm时,菊芋沙障 0~10 cm、花棒沙障及沙蒿沙障0~20 cm土层水分产生波动;降雨量在5~18 mm时,高立式沙障0~10 cm,柠条沙障、沙蒿沙障及菊芋沙障0~20 cm,花棒沙障0~100 cm土层水分产生波动;降雨量＞18 mm时,高立式沙障0~10 cm,柠条沙障、沙蒿沙障及菊芋沙障0~60 cm,花棒沙障0~140 cm土层土壤水分产生波动。综合该地区不同植被修图措施下土壤水分对降雨响应情况,建议在5—6月进行修复。

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关键词 ：土壤水分, 降雨事件, 沙障类型, 植物, 高寒沙区, 不同土层

Abstract：[Background] In order to explore the response mechanism of soil moisture to rainfall under different vegetation restoration measures in alpine sandy land, the optimum soil layer for sand-fixing plants to plant and better play its role in soil and water conservation.and its response to different rainfall events under three years' planting in Gonghe Basin, Qinghai province, including high vertical net cage sand barrier, wheat straw checkered sand barrier+Hedysarum scoparium, wheat straw checkered sand barrier+Caragana korshinskii, wheat straw checkered sand barrier+Artemisia desertorum, and wheat straw checked sand barrier+Helianthus tuberosus, so as to provide theoretical basis for scientific planting of soil depth of sand-fixing plants. [Methods]Taking the three-year-old high net cage sand barrier, wheat straw checkered sand barrier+Hedysarum scoparium, wheat straw checkered sand barrier+Caragana korshinskii, wheat straw checkered sand barrier+Artemisia desertorum. and wheat straw checkered sand barrier+Helianthus tuberosus planting in Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province as the research objects, the rainfall and sand barrier types of 0-140 cm(10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 cm) in the study area were measured by 2900ET weather station and ECH₂O respectively. [Results] 1) From August 2020 to August 2021, the rainfall in the study area was mainly concentrated in April to September, with low-frequency light rain as the main event, and the rainfall event <2 mm accounted for the highest of the total rainfall events (38.98%) and the lowest contribution rate (6.12%). The types of sand barriers can be divided into slow accumulation period (January-April), consumption period (May-June), accumulation period (July-September) and stable period (October-December) according to the monthly change of total soil water storage capacity, and all of them reach the peak in August, among which the soil water storage capacity of the vertical sand barrier is the highest (47 563.54 mm), and that of H. tuberosus sand barrier is the lowest (25 564.09 mm). 2) When the rainfall is less than 5 mm, the soil moisture of H. tuberosus sand barrier 0-10 cm, flower stick sand barrier and A. arenaria sand barrier 0-20 cm fluctuates. When the height is 5-18 mm, the vertical sand barrier is 0-10 cm, the Caragana sand barrier, A. arenaria sand barrier and H. tuberosus sand barrier are 0-20 cm, and the water content of the flower bar sand barrier is 0-100 cm. ＞18 mm, the vertical sand barrier is 0-10 cm, Caragana sand barrier, A. arenaria sand barrier and H. tuberosus sand barrier are 0-60 cm, and the soil moisture of the flower bar sand barrier is 0-140 cm. [Conclusions] Based on the response of soil moisture to rainfall and the characteristics of soil moisture replenishment in the process of desertification land control under different vegetation mapping measures in this area, it is suggested to repair it from May to June.

Key words： soil moisture rainfall events sand barrier types plants alpine sandy area different soil layers

收稿日期: 2022-06-15

PACS:

S157

基金资助:青海省科技计划"青海湖东综合防沙治沙及沙产业试验示范"(2019-HZ-814);2023年中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目"青海高寒沙化土地综合治理技术在贵南沙区的推广应用";青海省科技专项"海南州高寒沙区综合防沙治沙关键技术研究与集成示范

通讯作者: 张登山(1961—),男,博士,研究员,博士生导师。主要研究方向:荒漠化防治,生态恢复。E-mail:dshzhang2008@sina.com E-mail: dshzhang2008@sina.com

作者简介: 张政(1997—),男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:荒漠化防治,生态恢复。E-mail:1103982511@qq.com

引用本文:

张政, 向前胜, 张登山, 王丽, 史文君. 高寒沙地不同植被修复措施下土壤水分对降雨响应机制[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2024, 22(4): 75-83.
ZHANG Zheng, XIANG Qiansheng, ZHANG Dengshan, WANG Li, SHI Wenjun. Response of soil moisture of sand barrier in alpine region to rainfall events of different grades. SSWC, 2024, 22(4): 75-83.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2022114 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2024/V22/I4/75

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