基于移动窗口法的乌鲁木齐市建成区景观格局变化分析

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2018.02.005

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摘要为了对乌鲁木齐市建成区1990-2014年期间，城市景观格局的形成、分布规律与演变进行研究，以1990、2002和2014年3期Landsat TM/ETM+、OLI影像数据为数据源，获取景观类型分布信息；在ArcGIS与Fragstats软件的支持下，利用转移矩阵方法，获得景观类型转移空间分布信息，并通过移动窗口法，实现多种景观指数的空间化表达，实现对乌鲁木齐建成区景观破碎化时空动态和变化特征的深度分析。结果表明：1）近25年来，乌鲁木齐市景观类型的主要变化表现在各类景观面积的不断增加，以及各类景观相互转换；2）与1990-2002年间相比，2002-2014年间的城市化进程进一步加快，景观破碎化程度、异质性呈增强趋势，优势度呈降低趋势。该研究为乌鲁木齐市的景观管理与城市可持续发展提供科学、合理的参考依据。

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	阿娜古丽·
	麦麦提依明
	阿里木江·
	卡斯木
	买尔孜亚·
	吾买尔

关键词 ：移动窗口法, 景观指数, 景观破碎化, 乌鲁木齐市

Abstract：[Background] Urban landscape is the most important concern in the study of the current urban landscape pattern, and it is also one of the fastest dynamic changes in the surface landscape. The study area is Urumqi, the capital and the centre of culture, economy and transportation in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, located in north-western China and characterized by an arid landscape. With the rapid development of urbanization in Urumqi, the contradiction between urban layout and the structure of land use is becoming increasingly sharp. The objective of this paper is to study the formation, distribution pattern and transformation of each landscape pattern in Urumqi city during last 25 years, and to provide scientific and reasonable references for the landscape management and sustainable development of the city.[Methods] According to the characteristics of the city development and environmental factors in Urumqi, a reasonable and effective use of moving window method is to analyze the spatial layout and internal level difference of landscape fragmentation in Urumqi built area. Transferring matrix and landscape indexes (patch density, largest patch index, landscape separation index, number of patches, Shannon's diversity index, patch area, and landscape area) are used to analyze spatial-temporal changes of landscape fragmentation and dynamic changes in Urumqi city based on the data source Landsat TM/ETM+, OLI images taken at the same month in 1990,2002 and 2014.[Results] 1) The changes of landscape types in Urumqi during the past 25 years mainly are the increase of landscape area and the transformation between different types of landscape, which shows obvious temporal and spatial changes. 2) Speed of urbanization and the degree of landscape fragmentation has increased, the dominance has reduced, and the heterogeneity has risen. The degree of landscape fragmentation is aggravated, and landscape types tend to be more diversified. 3) In 1990, the city is in a development stage, and the level of urbanization is low. In 2002, the speed of urban expansion has increased significantly, and the level of urbanization has improved. In 2014, the urban expansion is faster, the level of urbanization is higher, and the city is in a stage of rapid development.[Conclusions] In the recent 25 years, with the rapid development of urbanization in the research area, the total area of each landscape type shows increasing trend, human impact has intensified, the fragmentation of landscape has strengthened, diversifying trend has occurred, and dominance degree has decreased. The research may provide a scientific and reasonable reference for landscape management and urban sustainable development in the intensively developed arid urban landscape of Urumqi.

Key words： moving window method landscape metrics landscape fragmentation Urumqi city

收稿日期: 2017-10-17

PACS:

X22

基金资助:国家自然科学基金"一带一路新疆段城镇景观格局变化及生态安全评价"（41661037），"环塔里木盆地城市用地空间扩展动态监测及模拟研究"（41361043）；新疆师范大学地理学博士点支撑学科开放课题"基于移动窗口法的乌鲁木齐市建成区景观格局变化分析"（XJNU-DL-201601）

通讯作者: 阿里木江·卡斯木(1976-),男,博士,教授。主要研究方向:环境遥感。E-mail:alimkasim@xjnu.edu.cn E-mail: alimkasim@xjnu.edu.cn

作者简介: 阿娜古丽·麦麦提依明(1988-),女,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:资源环境遥感。E-mail:anargul8686@163.com

引用本文:

阿娜古丽·麦麦提依明¹, 阿里木江·卡斯木^1,2, 买尔孜亚·吾买尔¹. 基于移动窗口法的乌鲁木齐市建成区景观格局变化分析[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2018, 16(2): 31-38.
ANARGUL·Mamtimin, ALIMUJIANG·Kasimu, MAIERZIYA·Wumaier. Analysis of landscape pattern change in Urumqi built-up area based on moving window method. SSWC, 2018, 16(2): 31-38.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2018.02.005 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2018/V16/I2/31

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