陕北黄土区阳坡阔叶混交林结构及点格局分析

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2017.04.006

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摘要为了确定陕北黄土区阳坡水土保持林合理的结构配置模式，在吴起县吴仓堡镇黄土西坡设置6.25 hm²大样地，实测山杏+小叶杨+刺槐阔叶混交林树木的胸径、树高等指标，分析林分空间分布特征，采用点格局分析法，探讨山杏、小叶杨和刺槐种群的分布格局及空间关联性。结果表明：1）山杏和小叶杨是该研究群落的优势种，刺槐是伴生种，山杏的优势地位明显；2）小叶杨种群以大、中径级林木为主，山杏种群以中、小径级林木为主，刺槐种群以小径级林木为主，林木整体生长状况欠佳，且小叶杨种群树高均值明显大于山杏、刺槐种群，林分复层结构明显；3）山杏、小叶杨和刺槐种群在0~125 m空间尺度内呈聚集分布，分别在尺度为47、65和104 m时达到最大聚集强度，林木主要分布在微地形上，最大聚集半径与林木聚集分布的微地形规模相吻合；4）山杏、小叶杨和刺槐种群在0~125 m空间尺度内，呈显著负关联，种间竞争激烈。黄土区干旱阳坡林分空间分布格局受微地形影响较大，应根据坡面微地形设计造林混交模式和布置种植点，并加强抚育管理。研究为该地区水土保持林草植被规划设计，提供理论依据和科学指导。

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关键词 ：黄土区, 阳坡, 阔叶混交林, 林分结构, 点格局分析, 微地形

Abstract：[Background] Soil erosion is serious on the arid sunny slope in semiarid loess area. Soil moisture is the main limiting factor for the construction and restoration of forests and grass benefiting soil and water conservation. Only relying on natural enclosure is difficult to achieve ideal effects in the short term. Traditional artificial afforestation schemes ignore the heterogeneity of habitat conditions, which lead to poor afforestation survival rate, serious individual differentiation in the stand and weak overall stability. Thus, it is necessary to carry out studies on near-natural afforestation, investigating the structural characteristics and spatial distribution pattern of existing forest in the area, for providing scientific basic information concerning the construction of mixed forest of soil and water conservation. [Methods] In this research, a study slope (6.25 hm²) was selected from the western slope of loess area in Wucangpu Village, Wuqi County, northern Shaanxi. The spatial distribution, tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of "Armeniaca sibirica + Populus simonii + Robinia pseudoacacia" mixed forest were measured; the distribution characteristics of tree height and DBH were analyzed using Weibull function; and the point pattern analysis method was adopted to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of A. sibirica, P. simonii, R. pseudoacacia and the spatial correlation between the different populations. [Results] 1) A. sibirica and P. simonii were the main constructive species in the study area, while R. pseudoacacia was the companion species and A. sibirica took the advantage position in the community. 2) The population of P. simonii featured trees in large and middle diameter class accounted for the majority; the population of A. sibirica featured trees in middle and small diameter class accounted for the majority; the population of R. pseudoacacia featured trees in small diameter class accounted for the majority. The stand overall growth was in medium status. The average height of P. simonii was significantly greater than that of A. sibirica and that of R. pseudoacacia, indicating that stratified structure of the stand was obvious. 3) The A. sibirica, P. simonii and R. pseudoacacia featured aggregated distribution within the spatial scale of 0-125 m, which reached the highest aggregation intensity when the spatial scale came to 47, 65 and 104 m, respectively. Trees were mainly distributed on the microtopography, and the maximum aggregation radius was consistent with the scale of microtopography. 4) The A. sibirica, P. simonii and R. pseudoacacia presented a negative correlation within the spatial scale of 0-125 m and acute interspecific competition. [Conculsions] In order to increase the survival rate of afforestation, promote the quality of quick restoration of forests and grass for soil and water conservation, it is suggested that the mixed pattern and arrangement of seeds should be designed according to microtopography, and strengthen their management and tending. A. sibirica and P. simonii may grow on microtopography with fine water conditions, like the bottom of gully. R. pseudoacacia may grow on undisturbed slope.

Key words： loess area sunny slope broad-leaved mixed forest stand structure point pattern analysis microtopography

收稿日期: 2017-01-20

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:国家科技支撑计划课题"困难立地植被恢复技术研究与示范"（2015BAD07B02）

通讯作者: 朱清科(1956-),男,教授,博士(后)。主要研究方向:林业生态工程学与水土保持学。E-mail:zhuqingke@sohu.com E-mail: zhuqingke@sohu.com

作者简介: 张巍(1992-),男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:林业生态工程学。E-mail:zhangwei2010@bjfu.edu.cn

引用本文:

张巍, 朱清科, 张婵婵, 吴涛, 刘崴. 陕北黄土区阳坡阔叶混交林结构及点格局分析[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2017, 15(4): 42-50.
ZHANG Wei, ZHU Qingke, ZHANG Chanchan, WU Tao, LIU Wei. Stand structure characteristics of broad-leaved mixed forest and point pattern analysis in loess sunny slope, northern Shaanxi. SSWC, 2017, 15(4): 42-50.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2017.04.006 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2017/V15/I4/42

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