1. College of resources and environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,430070,Wuhan,China; 2. YangtzeRiver Basin Monitoring Center Station for Soil and Water Conservation, Changjiang Water Resource Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources,430070,Wuhan,China; 3. Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture,430070,Wuhan,China
土壤可蚀性 K 值是土壤侵蚀模型的必要参数,研究花岗岩崩岗区土壤可蚀性 K 值有助于宏观判断和定量分析崩岗区土壤侵蚀的空间变化特征。 采集湖北通城花岗岩典型崩岗淋溶层、淀积层、母质层土壤,运用5种土壤可 蚀性 K 值估算方法分析各层土壤可蚀性差异,通过室内人工模拟降雨实验验证花岗岩风化土可蚀性 K 值的有效性及5种估算方法的灵敏度。 结果表明:花岗岩风化土的各层土壤可蚀性差异显著,母质层平均 K 值最大,是淋溶层的1.20倍,淀积层的1.03倍,且各层土壤的稳定含沙率和各粒径流失量差异显著;诺莫法估算的各层土壤的可蚀性 K 值与40min每层土的稳定含沙率之比最接近,诺莫法估算各层土壤可蚀性 K 值的灵敏度最高,为修正诺莫的 1.5倍,EPIC模型法的6倍。 因此,针对南方花岗岩风化土可采用诺莫法准确评价土壤可蚀性 K 值。 通过估算崩岗不同层次土壤的可蚀性 K 值及其空间变化特征,对针对性地研究崩岗形成机制及其治理具有一定指导意义。
[Background]Soil erodibility K value is a required parameter of soil erosion models, it is an index to indicate the sensitivity degree of soil erosion, and an accurate K is the prerequisite for constructing soil erosion model. Studying soil erodibility K-factor of granite collapse region contributes to macro-scope estimation and quantitative analysis on spatial variation characteristics of different soil layers. [Methods] Collecting eluvial horizon, illuvial horizon and parent material horizon of different soil layers in granite collapse region developing in Tongcheng, Hubei Province, then estimating by using five estimation methods of soil erodibility K value (nomo equation, modified-nomo equation, EPIC model, Shirazi model, Torri model), artificial simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the Soil erodibility K values of different soil layers in granite collapse region and the sensitivity of five estimation methods. According to the situation of the annual rainfall, topography and geomorphology, the rainfall intensity was designed (70+4) mm/ h, rainfall duration was 40 min, the slope was 20°. [Results] 1) Parent material horizon (PMH) was mainly composed of sand particles; clay content was the lowest with the average of 8.61%. The particles in illuvial horizon (IH) were mainly silt and sand, and the soil organic matter content difference was significant. The mass fraction of organic matter in eluvial horizon (EH) was 1.24%, far higher than that in IH and PMH, therefore, EH possessed the strongest anti-erosion ability, the second for IH, and the worst for PMH. Thus, in the governance of collapse mound, the PMH and IH should be protected. Deng Liangji, et al [24] has revealed that in development process of collage mound, each layer of soil erodibility K value will change, therefore the change of K value was investigated as below. 2) The soil erodibility of different soil layers in granite collapse region were significantly different, the average K value of the parent material layer was the highest, it was 1.20 times of the eluvial horizon and 1.03 times of the illuvial horizon; the stable sediment rate and the loss of particle sizes of different soil layers in granite collapse region were also significantly different. Erodibility K value of different soil layers by nomo equation was the closest to the stable sediment rate of different soil layers at 40 min precipitation. The sensitivity in estimating the soil erodibility K value of different layers by nomo equation was the highest, it was 1.5 times of modified- nomo equation and 6 times of EPIC model. [Conculsions] Therefore, nomo equation can accurately evaluate soil erodibility value of different soil layers in the granite collapse region. By estimating soil erodibility K value and the spatial variation characteristics of different soil layers in granite collapse region, this work is of certain guiding significance for the particular study of the formation mechanism and its governance of granite gully.