[1] Anderson P,Dische S. Local tumor control and the subsequent incidence of distant metastatic disease[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,1981,7:1645-1648. [2] Qian LW,Mizumoto K,Urashima T,et al. Radiation-induced increase in invasive potential of human pancreatic cancer cells and its blockade by a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor,CGS27023[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2002,8:1223-1227. [3] Park CM,Park MJ,Kwak HJ,et al. Ionizing radiation enhances matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion and invasion of glioma cells through src/epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated p38/Akt and phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt signaling pathways[J]. Cancer Res,2006,66:8511-8519. [4] Zhai GG,Malhotra R,Delaney M,et al. Radiation enhances the invasive potential of primary glioblastoma cells via activation of the rho signaling pathway[J]. J Neurooncol,2006,76:227-237. [5] 李涛,曾昭冲,王鲁,等.放射后肝癌细胞MMP-2表达、活性的变化及其对侵袭性的影响[J].中华实验外科杂志,2007,24:1525-1527. [6] Speake WJ,Dean RA,Kumar A,et al. Radiation induced mmp expression from rectal cancer is short lived but contributes to in vitro invasion[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol,2005,31:869-874. [7] Kaplan HS,Murphy ED. The effect of local roentgen irradiation on the biological behavior of a transplantable mouse carcinoma; increased frequency of pulmonary metastasis[J]. J Natl Cancer Inst,1949,9:407-413. [8] Kaae S. Metastatic frequency of spontaneous mammary carcinoma in mice following biopsy and following local roentgen irradiation[J]. Cancer Res,1953,13:744-747. [9] Sheldon P,Fowler J. The effect of low-dose pre-operative x-irradiation of implanted mouse mammary carcinomas on local recurrence and metastasis[J]. Br J Cancer,1976,34:401-407. [10] Sofia Vala I,Martins LR,Imaizumi N,et al. Low doses of ionizing radiation promote tumor growth and metastasis by enhancing angiogenesis[J/OL]. PLoS One,2010,5:e11222[2013-04-25].http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888592/ [11] Biswas S,Guix M,Rinehart C,et al. Inhibition of TGF-beta with neutralizing antibodies prevents radiation-induced acceleration of metastatic cancer progression[J]. J Clin Invest,2007,117:1305-1313. [12] Rofstad EK,Mathiesen B,Galappathi K. Increased metastatic dissemination in human melanoma xenografts after subcurative radiation treatment radiation-induced increase in fraction of hypoxic cells and hypoxia-induced up-regulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor[J]. Cancer Res,2004,64:13-18. [13] Shin JW,Son JY,Raghavendran HRB,et al. High-dose ionizing radiation-induced hematotoxicity and metastasis in mice model[J]. Clin Exp Metastasis,2011,28:803-810. [14] 李涛,曾昭冲,王鲁,等.跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶4诱导放疗后肝细胞癌转移的机制研究[J].中华肝胆外科杂志,2011,17:1009-1012. [15] Von Essen C. Radiation enhancement of metastasis: a review[J]. Clin Exp Metastasis,1991,9:77-104. [16] Tsukamoto H,Shibata K,Kajiyama H,et al. Irradiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) related to invasive potential in endometrial carcinoma cells[J]. Gynecol Oncol,2007,107:500-504. [17] Zhang X,Li X,Zhang N,et al. Low doses ionizing radiation enhances the invasiveness of breast cancer cells by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2011,412:188-192. [18] Jung JW,Hwang SY,Hwang JS,et al. Ionising radiation induces changes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation and increased cell motility of A549 lung epithelial cells[J]. Eur J Cancer,2007,43:1214-1224. [19] Li T,Zeng Z,Wang L,et al. Radiation enhances long-term metastasis potential of residual hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice through TMPRSS4-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition[J]. Cancer Gene Ther,2011,18:617-626. [20] Goldkorn T,Balaban N,Shannon M,et al. EGF receptor phosphorylation is affected by ionizing radiation[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta,1997,1358:289-299. [21] Lammering G,Valerie K,Lin PS,et al. Radiation-induced activation of a common variant of EGFR confers enhanced radioresistance[J]. Radiother Oncol,2004,72:267-273. [22] Martinou M,Giannopoulou E,Malatara G,et al. Ionizing radiation affects epidermal growth factor receptor signalling and metalloproteinase secretion in glioma cells[J]. Cancer Genomics Proteomics,2011,8:33-38. [23] Fang Y,Chen Y,Yu L,et al. Inhibition of breast cancer metastases by a novel inhibitor of TGF-β receptor 1[J]. J Natl Cancer Inst,2013,105:47-58. [24] Zhou LY,Wang ZM,Gao YB,et al. Stimulation of hepatoma cell invasiveness and metastatic potential by proteins secreted from irradiated nonparenchymal cells[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2012,84:822-828. [25] Yeh YY,Chiao CC,Kuo WY,et al. TGF-β1 increases motility and αvβ3 integrin up-regulation via PI3K,akt and NF-κB-dependent pathway in human chondrosarcoma cells[J]. Biochem Pharmacol,2008,75:1292-1301. [26] Qian LW,Mizumoto K,Inadome N,et al. Radiation stimulates HGF receptor/c‐met expression that leads to amplifying cellular response to HGF stimulation via upregulated receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and MAP kinase activity in pancreatic cancer cells[J]. Int J Cancer,2003,104:542-549. [27] Schweigerer L,Rave-Frnk M,Schmidberger H,et al. Sublethal irradiation promotes invasiveness of neuroblastoma cells[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2005,330:982-988. [28] Ohuchida K,Mizumoto K,Murakami M,et al. Radiation to stromal fibroblasts increases invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells through tumor-stromal interactions[J]. Can Res,2004,64:3215-3222. [29] Kim S,Kang HY,Nam EH,et al. TMPRSS4 induces invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through upregulation of integrin α5 and its signaling pathways[J]. Carcinogenesis,2010,31:597-606. [30] Rolli M,Fransvea E,Pilch J,et al. Activated integrin αvβ3 cooperates with metalloproteinase MMP-9 in regulating migration of metastatic breast cancer cells[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci,2003,100:9482-9487. [31] Xu W,Luo T,Li P,et al. RGD-conjugated gold nanorods induce radiosensitization in melanoma cancer cells by downregulating α(v)β3 expression[J]. Int J Nanomedicine,2012,7:915-924. [32] Cordes N,Blaese M,Meineke V,et al. Ionizing radiation induces
up-regulation of functional β1-integrin in human lung tumour cell lines in vitro[J]. Int J Radiat Biol,2002,78:347-357. [33] Onoda J,Piechocki M,Honn K. Radiation-induced increase in expression of the αⅡbβ3 integrin in melanoma cells: effects on metastatic potential[J]. Radiat Res,1992,130:281-288. [34] Cheng JC,Chou C,Kuo M,et al. Radiation-enhanced hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion with MMP-9 expression through PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signal transduction pathway[J]. Oncogene,2006,25:7009-7018. [35] Paquette B,Therriault H,Desmarais G,et al. Radiation-enhancement of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell invasion prevented by a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor[J]. Br J Cancer,2011,105:534-541. [36] Badiga AV,Chetty C,Kesanakurti D,et al. MMP-2 siRNA inhibits radiation-enhanced invasiveness in glioma cells[J/OL].PLoS One,2011,6:e20614[2013-04-25].http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3116828/. [37] Rüegg C,Monnier Y,Kuonen F,et al. Radiation-induced modifications of the tumor microenvironment promote metastasis[J]. Bull Cancer,2011,98:47-57. [38] Harada H,Inoue M,Itasaka S,et al. Cancer cells that survive radiation therapy acquire HIF-1 activity and translocate towards tumour blood vessels[J/OL]. Nat Commun,2012,3:783[2013-04-25].http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3337987/.
2014, Vol. 23 
