Effect of skin color on the setup of surface optical system in radiotherapy
Peng Haiyan1, Luo Huanli2, Liang Baozhong2, Mao Kaijin2, He Yang2, Jin Fu2
1School of Biological Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; 2Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Chongqing University/Chongqing Cancer Institute/Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
Abstract：Objective To investigate the sensitivity of the Catalyst HD in monitoring different skin colors, and assess the effect of skin color on the setup uncertainties using this system in radiotherapy. Methods The standard cards guiding skin color and the cylinder model guiding quality control in radiotherapy were utilized to simulate the patients’ positioning. During the first monitoring, Catalyst HD was employed to acquire the image of the phantom as the reference image after conventional positioning (indoor laser+phantom marking). When it was not the first monitoring, the couch was moved (-5 to 5 mm, step length of 2 mm) and Catalyst HD was adopted to obtain the surface image after conventional positioning. The bed deviation and corresponding setup errors monitored by Catalyst HD for different skin colors were recorded in the anterior-posterior (AP), superior-inferior (SI) and left-right (LR) direction, respectively. Results During Catalyst HD monitoring, the integration time and gain were increased with the darker color. The logarithm of integration time and gain was significantly linearly negatively correlated with the same color (R2>0.9). When the color difference with 1Y01SP was ΔE≤189, there was a significant correlation between the bed deviation and corresponding setup errors monitored by Catalyst HD in the SI and LR directions (RSI>0.5, RLR>0.5, RAP>0.9). The Catalyst HD monitoring was rapid and stable. When 218≤ΔE≤253, the correlation coefficients of them in the LR were RLR<0.3 and the Catalyst HD monitoring was stable. When 254≤ΔE≤285, the Catalyst HD failed to monitor stably. When ΔE>318, it failed to monitor this skin color. Conclusions Gain, integration time and color have a certain correlation. The Catalyst HD can accurately monitor the setup errors within a specific range of skin color.
Peng Haiyan,Luo Huanli,Liang Baozhong et al. Effect of skin color on the setup of surface optical system in radiotherapy[J]. Chinese Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2021, 30(12): 1297-1303.
[1] IshII I, Yamamoto K, Doi K, et al. High-speed 3D image acquisition using coded structured light projection//Intelligent robots and systems,1897[M]. Intelligent Robots and Systems San Diego:IEEE/RSJ International Conference, 2007:925-930. DOI:10.1109/IROS.2007.4399180. [2] Li H, Sumner RW, Pauly M. Global correspondence optimization for non-rigid registration of depth scans[J].computer Graphics Forum, 2008, 27:1421-1430. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8659.2008.01282.x. [3] Ma Z, Zhang W, Su Y, et al. Optical Surface Management System for Patient Positioning in Interfractional Breast Cancer Radiotherapy[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2018, 2018:6415497. DOI:10.1155/2018/6415497. [4] Sofie Ceberg, Malin Kügele. A comparison of surface based and laser based setup for rectal cancer patients inRadiotherapy[DB/OL][2020-11-10]. https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/search/publication/8927723. [5] Stieler F, Wenz F, Shi M, et al. A novel surface imaging system for patient positioning and surveillance during radiotherapy. A phantom study and clinical evaluation[J]. Strahlenther Onkol, 2013, 189(11):938-944. DOI:10.1007/s00066-013-0441-z. [6] Hoisak J, Pawlicki T. The Role of Optical Surface Imaging Systems in Radiation Therapy[J]. Semin Radiat Oncol, 2018, 28(3):185-193. DOI:10.1016/j.semradonc.2018.02.003. [7] Koenig TR, Wolff D, Mettler FA, et al. Skin injuries from fluoroscopically guided procedures:part 1, characteristics of radiation injury[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2001, 177(1):3-11. DOI:10.2214/ajr.177.1.1770003. [8] 彭海燕,罗焕丽,毛开金,等. 表面光学系统Catalyst在宫颈癌放疗中的临床应用[J]. 中华放射肿瘤学杂志,2019, 28(3):198-202. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221.2019.03.008. Peng HY, Luo HL, Mao KJ, et al. Clinical application of the surface optical system Catalyst in radiotherapy for cervical cancer[J]. Chin J Radiat Oncol, 2019, 28(3):198-202. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221.2019.03.008. [9] 何阳, 雷金艳, 彭海燕,等. 放疗中皮肤弹性与摆位误差随年龄变化的相关性研究[J]. 中华放射肿瘤学杂志, 2020, 29(1):47-51. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221.2020.01.011. He Y, Lei JY, Peng HY, et al. Correlation of skin elasticity and pendulum error with age in radiotherapy[J]. Chin J Radiat Oncol, 2020, 29(1):47-51. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221.2020.01.011. [10] 罗焕丽, 彭海燕, 靳富,等. Catalyst系统在乳腺癌患者放疗摆位应用及影响因素分析[J]. 中华放射肿瘤学杂志,2018, 27(2):190-194. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221.2018.02.014. Luo HL, Peng HY, Jin F, et al. Application of Catalyst system in breast cancer patients[J]. Chin J Radiat Oncol, 2018, 27(2):190-194. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221.2018.02.014. [11] Ansari K. Brief overview of PANTONE SkinTone Guide chart in CIEL*a*b* color[C]. Amirkabir University of Technology:The 7th International Color&Coating Congress, 2017. [12] Freislederer P, Reiner M, Hoischen W, et al. Characteristics of gated treatment using an optical surface imaging and gating system on an Elektalinac[J]. Radiat Oncol, 2015, 10:68. DOI:10.1186/s13014-015-0376-x. [13] Mokrzycki W, Tatol M. Color difference Delta E-A survey[J]. Mach Graph Vis, 2011,20(4):383-411. [14] Manfred W, Kathrin K, Lutz L. Clinical validation of two surface imaging systems for patient positioning in percutaneous radiotherapy[DB/OL][2020-11-10]. https://export.arxiv.org/pdf/1602.03749. [15] Pallotta S, Vanzi E, Simontacchi G, et al. Surface imaging,portal imaging,and skin marker set-up vs. CBCT for radiotherapy of the thorax and pelvis[J]. Strahlenther Onkol, 2015, 191(9):726-733. DOI:10.1007/s00066-015-0861-z. [16] Rawlings AV. Ethnic skin types:are there differences in skin structure and function?[J]. Int J Cosmet Sci, 2006, 28(2):79-93. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-2494.2006.00302.x [17] Qiu H, Flament F, Long X, et al. Seasonal skin darkening in Chinese women:the Shanghaiese experience of daily sun protection[J]. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol, 2013, 6:151-158. DOI:10.2147/CCID. S41578. [18] Qiu H, Long X, Ye JC, et al. Influence of season on some skin properties:winter vs. summer,as experienced by 354shanghaiese women of various ages[J]. Int J Cosmet Sci, 2011, 33(4):377-383. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2011.00639.x. [19] Ansari K. Classification of PANTONE SkinTone guide chart by fuzzy C-Means method[C]. Amirkabir University of Technology:International Color&Coating Congress, 2017. [20] Stieler F, Wenz, F, Shi M, et al. A novel surface imaging system for patient positioning and surveillance during radiotherapy. A phantom study and clinical evaluation[J]. Strahlenther Onkol, 2013, 189(11):938-944. DOI:10.1007/s00066-013-0441-z. [21] Milewski C, Peet S, Sylvander S, et al. Optimising a radiotherapy optical surface monitoring system to account for the effects of patient skin contour and skin colour[J]. IFMBE Proceedings, 2019, 68(3):451-454. DOI:10.1007/978-981-10-9023-3_81. [22] Langer MP, Papiez L, Spirydovich S, et al. The need for rotational margins in intensity-modulated radiotherapy and a new method for planning target volume design[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2005, 63(5):1592-1603. DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.08.021.
2021, Vol. 30 
