Abstract: 【Purpose/significance】With the rising demand for data literacy, universities urgently need to improve the cultivation sys⁃ tem to enhance the literacy level of university students. In the era of big data, it becomes particularly important to explore the construc⁃ tion of data literacy cultivation system in universities, which helps to ensure that university students are able to adapt to and respond to data-driven social needs.【Method/process】This paper elaborates on data literacy from five dimensions: data awareness, data ethics, data competence, data expression and data application, combines the influencing factors of data literacy cultivation with the current problems in data literacy cultivation, constructs a data literacy cultivation system in universities, puts forward four strategies to im⁃ prove the quality of cultivation, and designs a questionnaire to verify the effectiveness of the cultivation system.【Result/conclusion】 This paper describes the established data literacy cultivation system, which provides systematic and useful guidance for the data lit⁃ eracy cultivation of university students and related research work.【Innovation/limitation】Starting from the in-depth analysis of multidimensional influencing factors, this paper innovatively constructs a data literacy cultivation system for college students in the era of big data. In future research, the whole system needs to be continuously iterated and optimized according to the refinement of the culti⁃ vation targets.