节水减氮对北京地区夏玉米水氮利用的影响

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2021.04.012

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Abstract [Background] North China is the main production area of summer maize, but there are problems with insufficient water resources and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in this area, which not only reduces water and nitrogen use efficiency, but also leads to the accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen and increases the risk of environmental pollution. There are relatively few researches on determining the optimization goals of water and nitrogen management based on maize yield, resource utilization efficiency and environmental effects. This paper explored the irrigation and nitrogen levels that can meet the multiple goals of maize under precipitation conditions.[Methods] A two-factor completely random combination was used for field experiments at the irrigation experimental station in Tongzhou district, Beijing from June to October 2019. The experiment set 4 irrigation levels (W0:0, W1:60 mm, W2:120 mm, and W3:180 mm) and 4 nitrogen application levels (N0:0, N1:150 kg/hm², N2:275 kg/hm², and N3:400 kg/hm²). The field water consumption was calculated based on the water balance, and the soil nitrate nitrogen content was determined through soil sampling and laboratory tests, the effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on maize water consumption, yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrate nitrogen accumulation were analyzed, and multiple regression and spatial analysis methods were used to determine the irrigation and nitrogen application for meeting the multiple goals of maize.[Results] 1) With the increase of irrigation water, the proportion of soil water storage in water consumption decreased. Under W1 irrigation treatment, the soil water storage ratio of N1 treatment increased by 16.99% compared with N0 treatment. Nitrogen application was beneficial to improve the utilization of soil water. 2) The yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation and nitrogen application. The yield of W1 treatment increased by 18.89% compared with W0 treatment, the yield of N1 treatment increased by 29.54% compared with N0 treatment. W1N1 treatment improved water use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity while obtaining high yield. 3) The accumulation of 0-100 cm soil nitrate nitrogen increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Increasing irrigation promoted the downward migration of nitrate nitrogen. W1 treatment significantly reduced the risk of nitrate nitrogen leaching. 4) Yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency reached more than 95% of their optimal values simultaneously when the irrigation amount was 81-102 mm and the nitrogen application was 143-161 kg/hm², and nitrate nitrogen accumulation was low.[Conclusions] Therefore, irrigation of 81-102 mm and nitrogen application of 143-161 kg/hm² in North China under the conditions of precipitation in dry years may meet the growth of maize, achieve the optimization goal of ensuring yield, improving water and nitrogen use efficiency and reducing environmental pollution risks. The research may provide theoretical reference and technical support for the reasonable and effective development of agricultural water and soil resources and sustainable agricultural development in North China.

Key words： irrigation amount nitrogen application rate summer maize yield water and nitrogen use efficiency nitrate nitrogen

Received: 22 February 2021

PACS:	S513
	S274.1

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	Articles by authors
	WANG Yue
	CHEN Lixin
	FAN Haiyan
	YANG Shengli
	ZHANG Zhiqiang

Cite this article:

WANG Yue,CHEN Lixin,FAN Haiyan, et al. Effects of water saving and nitrogen reduction on the water and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize in Beijing[J]. SSWC, 2021, 19(4): 103-113.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/EN/10.16843/j.sswc.2021.04.012 OR http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/EN/Y2021/V19/I4/103

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