Abstract：More than 2000 years history of agriculture in China has demonstrated that the grain yield could be sustained and the soil productivity could be maintained and gradually improved through recycling the organic manure. The input of non-agricultural fertilizers is in a most effective way to increase the crop yield. But there is a tendency in some regions that the farmers prefer only chemical fertilizer. The long-term application of chemical fertilizers will cause main soil problems and exert a bad influence on crop quality and human health. Particular attention should be given to the application of the organic manures so as to improve soil properties and to develop sustainable agriculture. Human creates agriculture and agriculture fosters the humankind. In order to make the resources and environments get into the right track of circulation, human is one component of nature, not the opposite. Based on the long-term experiments on red soil in hilly area in the southern part of Hunan province, the restoration of natural vegetation was extremely important for soil and water conservation. Also in the area of Yinshan in the northern part of China, the same results had been observed.
2005, Vol. 3 
