亏缺灌溉下外源钙对番茄幼苗抗旱特性的影响

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2022.04.018

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摘要为探明外源钙(Ca²⁺)对番茄抗旱性的调节作用机制,选取干旱地区荒漠土为供试土壤,以番茄品种"粉保利"为研究对象,探讨不同程度亏缺灌溉(90% FC、60% FC和30% FC,FC为田间持水量)及不同质量分数Ca²⁺补充(0、50和100 mg/kg)对土壤肥力指标、设施番茄生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明:亏缺灌溉下土壤中总盐、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均显著高于常规灌溉。亏缺灌溉抑制了番茄幼苗的生长,显著降低番茄幼苗的含水量、干物量、总根长和根表面积,提高了过氧化氢酶活性、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量。在轻度亏缺灌溉下,叶面补充50 mg/kg Ca²⁺提高番茄叶片气孔开度、增加叶肉细胞中淀粉粒数量和提高叶片中超氧化物歧化酶活性。在重度亏缺灌溉下,叶肉细胞结构破坏严重,叶绿体被膜解体,基质片层松散,Ca²⁺补充对气孔调节和叶绿体结构无显著影响。生产中可通过叶面喷施50 mg/kg Ca²⁺缓解荒漠土轻度干旱胁迫对设施番茄幼苗生长的抑制。

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	陈善逊
	徐四新
	诸海焘
	张德闪
	张红艳
	蔡树美

关键词 ：亏缺灌溉, 设施番茄, 气孔特征, 叶肉细胞, 根系形态

Abstract：[Background] Drought, desertification and land degradation have become global environment problems for centuries, which lead to unsustainable development in agriculture. As tomato is one of the representative economic crops in northwest arid region, the study on its drought resistance has become a hot topic in recent years. Knowledge of physiological adaption of tomato to soil water deficit is well understood, but little is known about the effect of exogenous calcium (Ca²⁺) against drought at the seedling stage of greenhouse tomato. The study is aimed to investigate drought-induced physiological and morphology changes in tomato, as well as drought relief using exogenous Ca²⁺. [Methods] The experiment set 3 water stress levels (W90:90% FC; W60:60% FC; and W30:30% FC, FC refers to the field capacity) and 3 Ca²⁺ application levels (Ca0:0; Ca1:50mg/kg and Ca2:100mg/kg). The changes of soil basic physicochemical properties and the physiological characteristics of greenhouse tomato were investigated, including stomatal characteristics, root morphogenesis, protective enzyme activities, and the osmotic regulatory substance content. The desert soil in arid regions and the tomato cultival "Fenbaoli" were taken as the experimental materials. [Results] 1) The concentration of total salt, alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium in soil solutions of deficient irrigation were significantly higher than that of conventional irrigation (P<0.05). 2) Deficient irrigation inhibited the growth of tomato seedlings, significantly reduced the plant moisture content, dry weight, total root length and root surface area (P<0.05). Without additional Ca²⁺, the root shoot ratio (R/S) of tomato was negatively correlated with the irrigation quota. Compared with W90Ca0, R/S of W30Ca0 increased by 68.9%. Meanwhile, the antioxidative enzyme (catalase) activities and the osmotic substances (proline and soluble protein) contents of the deficient irrigation treatments were evidently higher. 3) Under mild deficient irrigation, 50mg/kg Ca²⁺ increased leaf stomata opening degree, the number of starch grains in the mesophyll cells and the activities of antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase) in the leaves. Furthermore, in terms of severe deficient irrigation, the mesophyll cell structure was severely damaged, chloroplast membrane collapsed, grana lamella disintegrated, and Ca²⁺ had no significant effect on the regulation of stoma and chloroplast structure. [Conclusions] Ca²⁺ is involved in the defense regulation of membrane lipid peroxidation in tomato seedlings induced by drought stress. Therefore, it is possible to improve the drought tolerance for tomato in arid regions by the addition of Ca²⁺ during the seedling stage. The inhibition of mild drought stress for greenhouse tomato seedlings on the desert soil could be alleviated by foliar spray of 50mg/kg Ca²⁺.

Key words： deficient irrigation greenhouse tomato stomatal characteristic mesophyll cell root morphology

收稿日期: 2021-11-24

PACS:	S152.7
	S641.2

基金资助:上海市科委国内合作项目"设施蔬菜优质丰产水肥高效运筹技术研究与示范"(20025800500);上海市科技创新行动计划"基于蔬菜废弃物催化水解技术的纳米有机液肥研发及应用"(20392003400);上海市农业科学院卓越团队计划"农田典型障碍土壤改良修复关键技术研究与示范应用团队"(沪农科卓[2022]008)

通讯作者: 蔡树美(1984—),女,博士,副研究员。主要研究方向:植物逆境生理。E-mail:caishumei@saas.sh.cn E-mail: caishumei@saas.sh.cn

作者简介: 陈善逊(2000—),男,本科生。主要研究方向:植物营养与环境。E-mail:1455245778@qq.com

引用本文:

陈善逊, 徐四新, 诸海焘, 张德闪, 张红艳, 蔡树美. 亏缺灌溉下外源钙对番茄幼苗抗旱特性的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2022, 20(4): 145-154.
CHEN Shanxun, XU Sixin, ZHU Haitao, ZHANG Deshan, ZHANG Hongyan, CAI Shumei. Effects of exogenous calcium under deficient irrigation on the drought resistance of tomato seedlings in greenhouse. SSWC, 2022, 20(4): 145-154.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2022.04.018 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2022/V20/I4/145

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