Effects of salt and alkali stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of Cyperus esculentus
ZHANG Linlin1, YU Minghan1,2, DING Guodong1,2, WANG Chunyuan1, GAO Guanglei1,2, DU Fengmei3, MI Wanlin4
1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China; 2. Yanchi Ecology Research Station of the Mu Us Desert, 751500, Yanchi, Ningxia, China; 3. Bayannaoer Desert Comprehensive Management Center, 015000, Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, China; 4. Bayannaoer City Enclosure and Aerial Sowing Management Station, 015000, Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, China
Abstract：[Background] The land salinization is an important limiting factor for plant introduction and cultivation in some sandy areas in northern China. Cyperus esculentus is an economic crop introduced and cultivated on salinized land in sandy areas in recent years, which has both ecological and economic benefits. However, most domestic and foreign researches on C. esculentus focus on food processing and agricultural production, and there is little research on its resistance mechanism to salt-alkali stress. The purpose of this work simulates the effects of salt and alkali dual-factor cross stress on the growth and physiological processes of C. esculentus, and reveals its salt resistance and tolerance through the exploration of the antioxidant enzyme system activity, osmotic regulation and hormone regulation mechanism of C. esculentus. Alkaline mechanism provides a theoretical basis for the introduction of C. esculentus in the northern saline-alkaline soil.[Methods] Taking the seedlings of C. esculentus as the research object, using the method of potted control, a cross experiment of 3 salt concentration gradients (50-100, 150-200, and ＞250 mmol/L) and 2 pH gradients were set up to explore the effects of different NaCl concentration and pH on the growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics of C. esculentus. [Results] 1) Under moderate (150-200 mmol/L) and severe stress (>250 mmol/L), the growth indexes such as plant height and biomass of C. esculentus were significantly lower than those of the control (P＜0.05), that is, growth was inhibited. Under mild salt stress (<100 mmol/L), the effect was not significant; under severe salt stress, pH aggravated the effect of salt stress. 2) The activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the leaves and roots of C. esculentus increased first and then decreased with the increase of salt concentration.3) The content of osmotic adjustment substances (proline and soluble sugar) in the leaves and roots demonstrated a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of single salt concentration. Under alkaline conditions, the content of each osmotic adjustment substance increased with the increase of salt concentration. 4) The content of ABA in the leaves increased with the increase of salt stress concentration. The content of ABA in the roots increased with the increase of salt stress concentration until mild salt stress and decreased under the condition with 250 mmol/L salt concentration, which may be related to the permanent damage of plant roots caused by severe salt stress. [Conclusions] Salt and alkali stress have an interactive effect on the influence of C. esculentus. C. esculentus presents physiological adaption mechanism to slight and mild saline-alkali stress through antioxidant enzyme system, osmotic regulation and hormone regulation mechanism, while the physiological adaption mechanism would lose its efficiency in severe stress of over 250 mmol/L.
张琳琳, 于明含, 丁国栋, 王春媛, 高广磊, 杜凤梅, 糜万林. 盐碱胁迫对油沙豆生长和生理特性的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2022, 20(2): 65-71.
ZHANG Linlin, YU Minghan, DING Guodong, WANG Chunyuan, GAO Guanglei, DU Fengmei, MI Wanlin. Effects of salt and alkali stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of Cyperus esculentus. SSWC, 2022, 20(2): 65-71.
王利民,陈金林,梁珍海,等.盐碱土改良利用技术研究进展[J].浙江林学院学报,2010,27(1):143. WANG Limin,CHEN Jinlin,LIANG Zhenhai,et al. Research progress of improvement and utilization of saline and alkali soil[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,2010,27(1):143.
[2]
李子英,丛日春,杨庆山,等.盐碱胁迫对柳树幼苗生长和渗透调节物质含量的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(24):8511. LI Ziying, CONG Richun, YANG Qingshan, et al. Effects of saline-alkali stress on growth and osmotic adjustment substances in willow seedlings[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017,37(24):8511.
[3]
王瑞元,王晓松,相海.一种多用途的新兴油料作物——油沙豆[J].中国油脂,2019,44(1):1. WANG Ruiyuan, WANG Xiaosong, XIANG Hai. A multi-purpose novel oil crop:Cyperus esculentus[J]. China Oils and Fats,2019,44(1):1.
[4]
PASCUAL-SEVA N, PASCUAL B. Determination of crop coefficient for chufa crop (Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck.) for sustainable irrigation scheduling[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021(768):144975.
[5]
N AU'U2 RIA P S, ALBERTO S B, SALVADOR L G, et al. Influence of different drip irrigation strategies on irrigation water use efficiency on chufa (Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck.) crop[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2018(208):406.
[6]
ADELEKAN E O, ADEGUNWA M O, ADEBOWALE A A, et al. Quality evaluation of snack produced from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.), and tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) flour blends[J]. Cogent Food&Agriculture, 2019, 5(1):1614285.
[7]
ALAVA C, VERDU S, BARAT J M, et al. Enrichment of chips with fibre from a tiger-nut (Cyperus esculentus) milk co-product at'source of fibre foods'and'high fibre content foods'levels:Impact on processing, physico-chemical and sensory properties[J]. International Journal of Food Science&Technology, 2019, 54(3):908.
[8]
杨鹭生,李国平.NaCl胁迫对油沙豆块茎萌发与幼苗生长的影响[J].资源开发与市场,2014,30(7):771. YANG Lusheng, LI Guoping. Study on effects of NaCl stress on tuber germination and seedling growth of Cyperus esculentus[J]. Resource Development&Market,2014,30(7):771.
[9]
胡涛,张鸽香,郑福超,等.植物盐胁迫响应的研究进展[J].分子植物育种,2018,16(9):264. HU Tao, ZHANG Gexiang, ZHENG Fuchao, et al. Research progress in plant salt stress response[J].Molecular Plant Breeding,2018,16(9):264.
[10]
史清华,高建社,王军,等.5个杨树无性系抗寒性的测定与评价[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(11):1937. SHI Qinghua, GAO Jianshe, WANG Jun, et al. Determination and evaluation of cold resistance of 5 poplar clones[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2003,23(11):1937.
[11]
李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:72. LI Hesheng. Principle and technology of plant physiological and biochemical experiments[M]. Beijing:Higher Educaiton Press, 2000:72.
[12]
王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006:167. WANG Xuekui. Principle and technology of plant physiological and biochemical experiments[M]. Beijing:Higher Educaiton Press, 2006:167.
[13]
张殿忠,汪沛洪,赵会贤.测定小麦叶片游离脯氨酸含量的方法[J].植物生理学通讯,1990(4):62. ZHANG Dianzhong,WANG Peihong,ZHAO Huixian.Determination of the content of free proline in wheat leaves[J].Plant Physiology Communications,1990(4):62.
王佺珍,刘倩,高娅妮,等.植物对盐碱胁迫的响应机制研究进展[J].生态学报,2017,37(16):5565. WANG Quanzhen, LIU Qian, GAO Yani, et al. Review on the mechanisms of the response to salinity-alkalinity stress in plants[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(16):5565.
[16]
郭瑞,李峰,周际,等.亚麻响应盐、碱胁迫的生理特征[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(1):69. GUO Rui, LI Feng, ZHOU Ji, et al. Eco-physiological responses of linseed (Linum usitatissimum) to salt and alkali stresses[J].植物生态学报, 2016, 40(1):69.
[17]
杨升,张华新,刘涛.盐胁迫对16种幼苗渗透调节物质的影响[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(3):269. YANG Sheng, ZHANG Huaxin, LIU Tao. Effect of salt stress on osmotic ajustment substances in plants[J].Forest Research,2012,25(3):269.
[18]
李悦,陈忠林,王杰,等.盐胁迫对翅碱蓬生长和渗透调节物质浓度的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(1):72. LI Yue,CHEN Zhonglin,WANG Jie,et al. Effects of salt stress on Suaeda heteroptera Kitagawa growth and osmosis-regulating substance concentration[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011, 30(1):72.
[19]
刘正祥,张华新,杨升,等.NaCI胁迫对沙枣幼苗生长和光合特性的影响[J].林业科学,2014,50(1):32. LIU Zhengxiang,ZHANG Huaxin,YANG Sheng,et al. Effects of NaCl stress on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Elaeagnus angusttfolia seedlings[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2014,50(1):32.
[20]
孙若峥,姜国斌,吴祥云,等.2种杨树嫩茎质外体内源激素对盐胁迫的响应[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2013,48(2):62. SUN Ruozheng,JIANG Guobin,WU Xiangyun,et al. Response of endogenous hormone in apoplast of two poplars to salt stress[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2013,48(2):62.
2022, Vol. 20 
