[an error occurred while processing this directive] | [an error occurred while processing this directive]
Thoracic radiotherapy of limited-stage small cell lung cancer :current situation of dose fractionation
Zhan Tianyou, Zhou Zongmei
Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
Abstract Thoracic radiotherapy is a major treatment and dose fractionation remains controversial in limited-stage small cell lung cancer. Twice-daily (BID) radiotherapy, as a standard protocol established in prospective studies, is often replaced by other treatment strategies in clinical practice due to the occurrence of side effects and inconvenience. In addition, in inoperable stage Ⅰ small cell lung cancer with negative lymph nodes, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) provides a new option for some elderly patients who are expected to be unable to tolerate long-term radiotherapy. The appropriate dose fractionation scheme can both ensure the therapeutic effects and reduce toxic effects. This article reviews the research of limited-stage small cell lung cancer about dose fractionation.
Zhan Tianyou,Zhou Zongmei. Thoracic radiotherapy of limited-stage small cell lung cancer :current situation of dose fractionation[J]. Chinese Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2022, 31(3): 284-292.
Zhan Tianyou,Zhou Zongmei. Thoracic radiotherapy of limited-stage small cell lung cancer :current situation of dose fractionation[J]. Chinese Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2022, 31(3): 284-292.
[1] Rudin CM, Brambilla E, Faivre-Finn C, et al. Small-cell lung cancer[J]. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2021, 7(1):3. DOI:10.1038/s41572-020-00235-0.
[2] Van Meerbeeck JP, Fennell DA, De Ruysscher DKM. Small-cell lung cancer[J]. Lancet, 2011, 378(9804):1741-1755.
[3] Zelen M. Keynote address on biostatistics and data retrieval[J]. Cancer Chemother Rep 3, 1973, 4(2):31-42.
[4] Faivre-Finn C, Snee M, Ashcroft L, et al. Concurrent once-daily versus twice-daily chemoradiotherapy in patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (CONVERT):an open-label, phase 3, randomised, superiority trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2017, 18(8):1116-1125. DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30318-2.
[5] Turrisi AT 3rd, Kim K, Blum R, et al. Twice-daily compared with once-daily thoracic radiotherapy in limited small-cell lung cancer treated concurrently with cisplatin and etoposide[J]. N Engl J Med, 1999, 340(4):265-271. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199901283400403.
[6] Pignon JP, Arriagada R, Ihde DC, et al. A meta-analysis of thoracic radiotherapy for small-cell lung cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 1992, 327(23):1618-1624. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199212033272302.
[7] Warde P, Payne D. Does thoracic irradiation improve survival and local control in limited-stage small-cell carcinoma of the lung? A meta-analysis[J]. J Clin Oncol, 1992, 10(6):890-895. DOI:10.1200/JCO.1992.10.6.890.
[8] Choi NC, Herndon JE 2nd, Rosenman J, et al. Phase I study to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of radiation in standard daily and hyperfractionated-accelerated twice-daily radiation schedules with concurrent chemotherapy for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol, 1998, 16(11):3528-3536. DOI:10.1200/JCO.1998.16.11.3528.
[9] Hallqvist A, Rylander H, Björk-Eriksson T, et al. Accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer limited-disease. Dose response, feasibility and outcome for patients treated in western Sweden, 1998-2004[J]. Acta Oncol, 2007, 46(7):969-974. DOI:10.1080/02841860701316065.
[10] Grønberg BH, Killingberg KT, FløttenØ,et al. High-dose versus standard-dose twice-daily thoracic radiotherapy for patients with limited stage small-cell lung cancer:an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2021, 22(3):321-331. DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30742-7.
[11] Salama JK, Hodgson L, Pang H, et al. A pooled analysis of limited-stage small-cell lung cancer patients treated with induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy and 70Gy daily radiotherapy:CALGB 30904[J]. J Thorac Oncol, 2013, 8(8):1043-1049. DOI:10.1097/JTO.0b013e318293d8a4.
[12] 刘璇,周宗玫,王玉霞,等. IMRT下局限期SCLC放化疗疗效及预后分析[J]中华放射肿瘤学杂志, 2018, 27(3):256-260. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221.2018.03.006.
Liu X, Zhou ZM, Wang YX, et al. Clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for limited-stage small cell lung cancer[J]. Chin J Radiat Oncol, 2018,27(3):256-260. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221.2018.03.006.
[13] Bogart JA, Wang X, Masters GA, et al. Short communication:interim toxicity analysis for patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer (LSCLC) treated on CALGB 30610(Alliance)/ RTOG 0538[J]. Lung Cancer, 2021, 156:68-71. DOI:10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.04.016.
[14] Schreiber D, Wong AT, Schwartz D, et al. Utilization of hyperfractionated radiation in small-cell lung cancer and its impact on survival[J]. J Thorac Oncol, 2015, 10(12):1770-1775. DOI:10.1097/JTO.0000000000000672.
[15] Shahi J, Wright JR, Gabos Z, et al. Management of small-cell lung cancer with radiotherapy-a pan-Canadian survey of radiation oncologists[J]. CurrOncol, 2016, 23(3):184-195. DOI:10.3747/co.23.3023.
[16] Murray N, Coy P, Pater JL, et al. Importance of timing for thoracic irradiation in the combined modality treatment of limited-stage small-cell lung cancer. the national cancer institute of Canada clinical trials group[J]. J Clin Oncol, 1993, 11(2):336-344. DOI:10.1200/JCO.1993.11.2.336.
[17] Levy A, Hendriks L, Le Péchoux C, et al. Current management of limited-stage SCLC and CONVERT trial impact:results of the EORTC lung cancer group survey[J]. Lung Cancer, 2019, 136:145-147. DOI:10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.08.007.
[18] Glatzer M, Faivre-Finn C, De Ruysscher D, et al. Once daily versus twice-daily radiotherapy in the management of limited disease small cell lung cancer-decision criteria in routine practise[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2020, 150:26-29. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2020.05.004.
[19] Withers HR, Peters LJ, Taylor JM. Dose-response relationship for radiation therapy of subclinical disease[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 1995, 31(2):353-359. DOI:10.1016/0360-3016(94)00354-N.
[20] Wang D, Bi N, Zhang T, et al. Comparison of efficacy and safety between simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy and conventional intensity-modulated radiotherapy in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer:a retrospective study[J]. Radiat Oncol, 2019, 14(1):106. DOI:10.1186/s13014-019-1259-3.
[21] Wang D, Chen J, Zhang X, et al. Sparing organs at risk with simultaneous integrated boost volumetric modulated arc therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer:an automatic treatment planning study[J]. Cancer Manag Res, 2020, 12:9643-9653. DOI:10.2147/CMAR. S273197.
[22] Liu Z, Liu W, Ji K, et al. Simultaneous integrated dose reduction intensity-modulated radiotherapy applied to an elective nodal area of limited-stage small-cell lung cancer[J]. Exp Ther Med, 2015, 10(6):2083-2087. DOI:10.3892/etm.2015.2835.
[23] Liu Z, Wang J, Yuan Z, et al. Preliminary results about application of intensity-modulated radiotherapy to reduce prophylactic radiation dose in limited-stage small cell lung cancer[J]. J Cancer, 2018, 9(15):2625-2630. DOI:10.7150/jca.24976.
[24] Aberle DR, Adams AM, Berg CD, et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening[J]. N Engl J Med, 2011, 365(5):395-409. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1102873.
[25] Yang CJ, Chan DY, Shah SA, et al. Long-term survival after surgery compared with concurrent chemoradiation for node-negative small cell lung cancer[J]. Ann Surg, 2018, 268(6):1105-1112. DOI:10.1097/SLA.0000000000002287.
[26] Salem A, Mistry H, Hatton M, et al. Association of chemoradiotherapy with outcomes among patients with stage Ⅰ to Ⅱ vs. stage Ⅲ small cell lung cancer:secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2019, 5(3):e185335. DOI:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.5335.
[27] Verma V, Simone CB 2nd, Allen PK, et al. Multi-institutional experience of stereotactic ablative radiation therapy for stage Ⅰ small cell lung cancer[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2017, 97(2):362-371. DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.10.041.
[28] Singh R, Ansinelli H, Sharma D, et al. Clinical outcomes following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for stage Ⅰ medically inoperable small cell lung carcinoma:a multi-institutional analysis from the RS search patient registry[J]. Am J Clin Oncol, 2019, 42(7):602-606. DOI:10.1097/COC.0000000000000561.
[29] Videtic GM, Stephans KL, Woody NM, et al. Stereotactic body radiation therapy-based treatment model for stage Ⅰ medically inoperable small cell lung cancer[J]. PractRadiat Oncol, 2013, 3(4):301-306. DOI:10.1016/j.prro.2012.10.003.
[30] Stahl JM, Corso CD, Verma V, et al. Trends in stereotactic body radiation therapy for stage Ⅰ small cell lung cancer[J]. Lung Cancer, 2017, 103:11-16. DOI:10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.11.009.
[31] Howlader N, Forjaz G, Mooradian MJ, et al. The effect of advances in lung-cancer treatment on population mortality[J]. N Engl J Med, 2020, 383(7):640-649. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1916623.
[32] Welsh JW, Heymach JV, Guo C, et al. Phase 1/2 trial of pembrolizumab and concurrent chemoradiation therapy for limited-stage SCLC[J]. J Thorac Oncol, 2020, 15(12):1919-1927. DOI:10.1016/j.jtho.2020.08.022.