[an error occurred while processing this directive] | [an error occurred while processing this directive]
Chinese expert consensus on three-dimensional image guided brachytherapy for cervical cancer
The Brachytherapy Group of China Society for Radiation Oncology, The Gynecological Oncology Group of Chinese Association for Therapeutic Radiation Oncologists, The Brachytherapy Special Committee of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association
Abstract In recent years, image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT) for cervical cancer has been rapidly developed in China. IGBT can improve local control and survival rates in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer compared with the two-dimensional technology. Dose volume histogram parameters for the high risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV), intermediate risk clinical target volume (IR-CTV) and organs at risk should be calculated, reported, and adopted to explore the relationship with local control rate and incidence of complications. The volume and topography of residual tumor at the initiation of IGBT is significantly correlated with local control rate. The residual tumor should be assessed by the combination of MRI, ultrasound images and gynecological examinations. The appropriate implant with intracavitary applicator supplemented with interstitial needles can improve the dose distribution in the target area. Target delineation, dose assessment and quality control should be conducted strictly according to the principles and consensus. To standardize its application, the Chinese expert consensus was jointly formulated by Brachytherapy Group of China Society for Radiation Oncology, the Gynecological Oncology Group of Chinese Association for Therapeutic Radiation Oncologists, and the Brachytherapy Special Committee of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association in light of the national conditions in China.
Corresponding Authors:
Zhang Fuquan, Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;Email:zhangfuquan3@126.com
Cite this article:
The Brachytherapy Group of China Society for Radiation Oncology,The Gynecological Oncology Group of Chinese Association for Therapeutic Radiation Oncologists,The Brachytherapy Special Committee of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association. Chinese expert consensus on three-dimensional image guided brachytherapy for cervical cancer[J]. Chinese Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2020, 29(9): 712-717.
The Brachytherapy Group of China Society for Radiation Oncology,The Gynecological Oncology Group of Chinese Association for Therapeutic Radiation Oncologists,The Brachytherapy Special Committee of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association. Chinese expert consensus on three-dimensional image guided brachytherapy for cervical cancer[J]. Chinese Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2020, 29(9): 712-717.
[1] Keys HM, Bundy BN, Stehman FB, et al. Cisplatin, radiation, and adjuvant hysterectomy compared with radiation and adjuvant hysterectomy for bulky stage Ⅰ b cervical carcinoma[J]. N Engl J Med, 1999, 340(15):1154-1161 DOI:10.1056/NEJM199904153401503. [2] Rose PG, Bundy BN, Watkins EB, et al. Concurrent cisplatin-based radiotherapy and chemotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 1999,340(15):1144-1153. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199904153401502. [3] Whitney CW, Sause W, Bundy BN, et al. Randomized comparison of fluorouracil plus cisplatin versus hydroxyurea as an adjunct to radiation therapy in stage ⅡB-IVA carcinoma of the cervix with negative para-aortic lymph nodes:a Gynecologic Oncology Group and Southwest Oncology Group study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 1999,17(5):1339-1348. DOI:10.1200/JCO.1999.17.5.1339. [4] Morris M, Eifel PJ, Lu J, et al. Pelvic radiation with concurrent chemotherapy compared with pelvic and para-aortic radiation for high-risk cervical cancer[J]. N Engl J Med,1999,340(15):1137-1143. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199904153401501. [5] Peters WA, Liu PY, Barrett RJ, et al. Concurrent chemotherapy and pelvic radiation therapy compared with pelvic radiation therapy alone as adjuvant therapy after radical surgery in high-risk early-stage cancer of the cervix[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2000,18(8):1606-1613. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2000.18.8.1606. [6] Hellebust TP, Kirisits C, Berger D, et al. Recommendations from Gynaecological (GYN) GEC-ESTRO Working Group:Considerations and pitfalls in commissioning and applicator reconstruction in 3D image-based treatment planning of cervix cancer brachytherapy[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2010, 96(2):153-160. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2010.06.004. [7] Dimopoulos JC, Peter P, Kari T, et al. Recommendations from Gynaecological (GYN) GEC-ESTRO Working Group (IV):Basic principles and parameters for MR imaging within the frame of image based adaptive cervix cancer brachytherapy[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2012, 103(1):113-122. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2011.12.024. [8] Pötter R, Haie-Meder C, Limbergen EV, et al. Recommendations from Gynaecological (GYN) GEC ESTRO Working Group (Ⅱ):Concepts and terms in 3D image-based treatment planning in cervix cancer brachytherapy-3D dose volume parameters and aspects of 3D image-based anatomy, radiation physics, radiobiology[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2006, 78(1):67-77. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2005.11.014. [9] Haie-Meder C, Pötter R, Limbergen EV, et al. Recommendations from Gynaecological (GYN) GEC-ESTRO Working Group (I):Concepts and terms in 3D image based 3D treatment planning in cervix cancer brachytherapy with emphasis on MRI assessment of GTV and CTV[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2005, 74(3):235-245. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2004.12.015. [10] Narayan K, van Dyk S, Bernshaw D, et al. Ultrasound guided conformal brachytherapy of cervix cancer:survival, patterns of failure, and late complications[J]. J Gynecol Oncol, 2014, 25(3):206-213. DOI:10.3802/jgo.2014.25.3.206. [11] Pötter R, Georg P, Dimopoulos JC, et al. Clinical outcome of protocol based image (MRI) guided adaptive brachytherapy combined with 3D conformal radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2011, 100(1):116-123. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2011.07.012. [12] Charra-Brunaud C, Harter V, Delannes M, et al. Impact of 3D image-based PDR brachytherapy on outcome of patients treated for cervix carcinoma in France:Results of the French STIC prospective study[J]. RadiotherOncol,2012,103(3):305-313. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2012.04.007. [13] Kang HC, Shin KH, Park SY, et al. 3D CT-based high-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer:clinical impact on late rectal bleeding and local control[J]. Radiother Oncol,2010,97(3):507-513. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2010.10.002. [14] Cyrus C, Nicolas M, Isabelle D, et al. Physics contributions and clinical outcome with 3D-MRI-based pulsed-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy in cervical cancer patients[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2009,74(1):133-139. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2010.10.002. [15] Nomden CN, de Leeuw AA, Roesink JM, et al. Clinical outcome and dosimetric parameters of chemo-radiation including MRI guided adaptive brachytherapy with tandem-ovoid applicators for cervical cancer patients:A single institution experience[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2013, 107(1):69-74. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2013.04.006. [16] Kharofa J, Morrow N, Kelly T, et al. 3-T MRI-based adaptive brachytherapy for cervix cancer:Treatment technique and initial clinical outcomes[J]. Brachytherapy,2014,13(4):319-325. DOI:10.1016/j.brachy.2014.03.001. [17] Mahantshetty U, Swamidas J, Khanna N, et al. Reporting and Validation of Gynaecological Groupe Euopeen de Curietherapie, European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO). Brachytherapy recommendations for MR image-based dose volume parameters and clinical outcome with high dose-rate brachytherapy in cervical cancers[J]. Int J Gynecol Cancer,2011,21(6):1110-1116. DOI:10.1097/IGC.0b013e31821caa55. [18] Tan L T, Coles CE, Hart C, et al. Clinical impact of computed tomography-based image-guided brachytherapy for cervix cancer using the tandem-ring applicator-the Addenbrooke′s experience[J]. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol),2009,21(3):175-182. DOI:10.1016/j.clon.2008.12.001. [19] Gill BS, Hayeon K, Houser CJ, et al. MRI-guided high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy for treatment of cervical cancer:the university of pittsburgh experience[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2015, 91(3):540-547. DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.10.053. [20] Sturdza A, Pötter R, Fokdal LU, et al. Image guided brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer:Improved pelvic control and survival in RetroEMBRACE, a multicenter cohort study[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2016, 120(3):428-433. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2016.03.011. [21] Schmid MP, Christian K, Nicole N, et al. Local recurrences in cervical cancer patients in the setting of image-guided brachytherapy:a comparison of spatial dose distribution within a matched-pair analysis[J]. Radiother Oncol,2011,99(3):468-472. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2011.08.014. [22] Lakosi F, Cuypere MD, Nguyen PV, et al. Clinical efficacy and toxicity of radio-chemotherapy and magnetic resonance imaging-guided brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer patients:A mono-institutional experience[J]. Acta Oncol, 2015, 54(1):1-9. DOI:10.3109/0284186X.2015. [23] Wang W, Zhang F, Hu K, et al. Image-guided, intensity-modulated radiation therapy in definitive radiotherapy for 1433 patients with cervical cancer[J]. Gynecol Oncol,2018,151(3):444-448. DOI:10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.09.024. [24] Dang YZ, Li P, Li JP, et al. The efficacy and late toxicities of computed tomography-based brachytherapy with intracavitary and interstitial technique in advanced cervical cancer[J]. J Cancer, 2018, 9(9):1635-1641. DOI:10.7150/jca.23974. [25] 叶伟军,曹新平,欧阳翼. 局部晚期宫颈癌三维CT引导下加速超分割后装治疗的临床观察[J]. 中华肿瘤防治杂志,2014, 21(8):626-629. DOI:10.16073/j.cnki.cjcpt.2014.08.012. Ye WJ,Cao XP,Ouyang Y. Clinical observation of three-dimensional CT guided accelerated hyperfractionation brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer[J]. Chin J Cancer Prevent Treat, 2014, 21(8):626-629. DOI:10.16073/j.cnki.cjcpt.2014.08.012. [26] 张宁,赵志鹏,程光惠,等. 局部晚期宫颈癌腔内联合组织间插植3D-IGBT的剂量学研究[J]. 中华放射肿瘤学杂志,2015,24(3):267-270. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221.2015.03.009. Zhang N, Zhao ZP, Cheng GH, et al. Dosimetric study of intracavitary combined with interstitial implantation of 3D-igbt in locally advanced cervical cancer[J]. Chin J Radiat Oncol, 2015, 24(3):267-270. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221.2015.03.009. [27] Liu ZS, Guo J, Zhao YZ, et al. Computed tomography-guided interstitial brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer:Introduction of the technique and a comparison of dosimetry with conventional intracavitary brachytherapy[J]. Int J Gynecol Cancer, 2017, 27(4):768-775. DOI:10.1097/IGC.0000000000000929 [28] Zhou YC, Zhao LN, Wang N, et al. Late rectal toxicity determined by dose-volume parameters in computed tomography-based brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer[J]. Cancer Med, 2016, 5(3):434-441. DOI:10.1002/cam4.603. [29] 朱永刚, 赵红福, 程光惠, 等. 局部晚期宫颈癌三维适形近距离放疗 CT 与 MRI 定位的对比研究[J]. 中华放射肿瘤学杂志, 2015,24(4):408-413. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221.2015.04.014. Zhu YG, Zhao HF, CHeng GH, et al. Comparative study of CT and MRI localization in three-dimensional conformal brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer[J]. Chin J Radiat Oncol, 2015, 24(4):408-413. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221.2015.04.014. [30] Yamashita H, Nakagawa K, Okuma K, et al. Correlation between bladder volume and irradiated dose of small bowel in CT-based planning of intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer[J]. Jpn J Clin Oncol, 2012, 42(4):302-308. DOI:10.1093/jjco/hyr203. [31] ICRU Report 89:Prescribing, recording, and reporting brachytherapy for cancer of the cervix[J]. J ICRU, 2013, 13(1-2):1-258. DOI:10.1093/jicru/ndw027. [32] Tanderup K, Fokdal LU, Sturdza A, et al. Effect of tumor dose, volume and overall treatment time on local control after radiochemotherapy including MRI guided brachytherapy of locally advanced cervical cancer[J]. Radiother Oncol,2016,120(3):441-446. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2016.05.014. [33] Kim Y, Kim YJ, Kim JY, et al. Toxicities and dose-volume histogram parameters of MRI-based brachytherapy for cervical cancer[J]. Brachytherapy, 2017, 16(1):116-125. DOI:10.1016/j.brachy.2016.10.005. [34] Perez CA, Grigsby PW, Lockett MA, et al. Radiation therapy morbidity in carcinoma of the uterine cervix:dosimetric and clinical correlation[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 1999, 44(4):855-866. DOI:10.1016/s0360-3016(99)00111-x. [35] Gholami S, Mirzaei HR, Arfaee AJ, et al. Dose distribution verification for GYN brachytherapy using EBT Gafchromic film and TG-43 calculation[J]. Radiat Oncol,2016,21(5):480-486. DOI:10.1016/j.rpor.2016.06.005. [36] Palmer AL, Andrew N, David B. Verification of high dose rate brachytherapy dose distributions with EBT3 Gafchromic film quality control techniques[J]. Phys Med Biol, 2013,58(3):497-511. DOI:10.1088/0031-9155/58/3/497.